Personal information date of application 2010.
Name: Ganbold Battsetseg
last first middle
Address: S.Kh.D Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Street (apt) city, state zip
Address: S.Kh.D Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Street city, state zip
Contact information
Home telephone mobile e-mail 99721867 (akchab_927@yahoo.com )
How did you learn about our company?
Position sought:foreman available start date today
Desired pay range: 600000 are you currently employed no by our or salary
education name and location graduate? degree? Major/subjects of study
High school Ulaanbaatar city S.Kh.D 17 khoroo Math, Mongolian language
Collage or university UB IICT Bachelor, IICT Optic,English
Specialized training ,trade school , etc… Telecommunication
engineer Bachelor, IICT Optic,English
other education.
Please list your areas of highest proficiency ,special skills or other items that may contribute to your abilities in performing the above mentioned potion.
Thursday, December 16, 2010
Essay
I’m Ganbold Battsetseg graduated school of Information Telecommunication and technology in 2012 by professional telecommunication engineer. I’m keep time and team works.
I’m problem solving skills and ability to work under pressure also I’m hardworking, expertise and positive attitude I have got two weaknesses. I’m stubborn. Also I like to be pressed many for works.
I will be working your company. I think that my qualification is very well. My qualification will be most in demand in branch of telecommunications. Especially your company will be need this professional engineer.
I will have been studying in China. I raise one’s qualification. I will have been study many new skills. I will be studying optic cable and china language.
I spend my free time play basketball, volleyball and chess. I have studying basketball during 3 years, Volleyball 5 years, chess 8 years. Li have got many medals.
I studied many skills. I studied to lead a team because I was leader of team. Also I have become keep time and hardworking .also I studied to work by team and to communicate.
I thought about it. I think f\perfect company is with pleasant around , right poling of working management always . new service in costumers. So that I think perfect company is your company and I decided to work in your company.
Today, technology is developing quickly. I’m researching to made on new technology next if for me to convenient, I’m bring at company this is engineering responsibility.
Main of telecommunication professional is telecommunication with others. To lay yourself method is nicely communicate with others.People between communicate everyday.
I’m imagining nicely a future. I will have been working your company, many practice experience and knowledge.
I will be can a good engineer and employee.
I’m problem solving skills and ability to work under pressure also I’m hardworking, expertise and positive attitude I have got two weaknesses. I’m stubborn. Also I like to be pressed many for works.
I will be working your company. I think that my qualification is very well. My qualification will be most in demand in branch of telecommunications. Especially your company will be need this professional engineer.
I will have been studying in China. I raise one’s qualification. I will have been study many new skills. I will be studying optic cable and china language.
I spend my free time play basketball, volleyball and chess. I have studying basketball during 3 years, Volleyball 5 years, chess 8 years. Li have got many medals.
I studied many skills. I studied to lead a team because I was leader of team. Also I have become keep time and hardworking .also I studied to work by team and to communicate.
I thought about it. I think f\perfect company is with pleasant around , right poling of working management always . new service in costumers. So that I think perfect company is your company and I decided to work in your company.
Today, technology is developing quickly. I’m researching to made on new technology next if for me to convenient, I’m bring at company this is engineering responsibility.
Main of telecommunication professional is telecommunication with others. To lay yourself method is nicely communicate with others.People between communicate everyday.
I’m imagining nicely a future. I will have been working your company, many practice experience and knowledge.
I will be can a good engineer and employee.
Wednesday, December 15, 2010
English to Mongolia
KHAN BANK
VACANCY ANNOUNCEMENT
• EXECUTIVE OFFICE TRANSLATOR at the Head Office
• INFORMATION SECURITY OFFICER at the IT Operation Department
OF KHAN BANK OF MONGOLIA. We offer a competitive salary, career advancement opportunities and a chance to work in a dynamic international environment with fast growing business.
QUALIFICATIONS REQUIRED FOR TRANSLATOR:
• Bachelor’s or high degree in relevant field;
• Minimum 2 years of translation experience in English end Mongolian language;
• Ability to perform both written and oral translation in both languages with a high degree of quality & professionalism;
• Relevant experience in the field of business, finance or banking is a plus;
• Teamwork skills;
QUALIFICATIONS REQUIRED FOR ISO:
• Bachelor’s or high degree in IT or relevant field;
• Sufficient maturity and presence to discuss security matters with senior management, internal and external audit and external visitors to the Bank in a credible manner;
• Good knowledge of both written and spoken Mongolian and English;
• Minimum 1 years of experience in the relevant field;
• Teamwork skills;
If you possess the above skills, please send your application letter along with your Curriculum Vitae, copies of diploma and other certificates, and contact information for two references to the address below by
September 17, 2010
HUMAN RESOURCES DEPARTMENT
Seoul street -25, P.O.Box 192, Ulaanbaatar 210644, MONGOLIA
Tel: 332333
E-mail: info¬_hrd@khanbank.com
ХААН БАНК
АЖИЛТАН ШАЛГАРУУЛЖ АВНА
• ТЭРГҮҮЛЭХ АЛБАН ГАЗАРТАА ОРЧУУЛАГЧ ЭРХЛЭГЧ
• МЭДЭЭЛЛИЙН ТЕХНОЛОГИЙН МЭРГЭЖИЛТЭЙ АЖИЛЧИН
Монгол улсын хаан банк: бид олон улсын шаарлагад нийцсэн мэргэжлийн ур чадвартай, өөрийгөө хөгжүүлэх болон тушаал ахих хүсэлтэй байгаа хүмүүст нэгэн боломжийг олгож байна.
МЭРГЭЖЛИЙН ОРЧУУЛАГЧ
• Бакалавр болон түүнээс дээш зэрэгтэй
• Англи, Монгол хэлний орчуулагчаар 2-с дээш жил ажилласан дадлага туршлагатай
• Англи хэлээр мэргэжлийн өндөр түвшинд аман болон бичигийн орчуулга хийх чадвартай
• Мөн банк бизнесийн хүрээнд болон санхүүгийн үйл ажиллагаа эрхлэн ажиллах ур чадвартай
• Ажилдаа сонирхолтой, тавьсан шаардлагыг биелүүлдэг
• Багаар ажиллах чадвартай, бүтээлч
МЭДЭЭЛИЙН ТЕХНОЛОГИЧ
• Мэдээлийн технологийн чиглэлээр бакалавр болон түүнээс дээш зэрэгтэй
• Өндөр боловсролтой, банканд ирэх санхүүгийн шалгалт мөн үйлчлүүлэгчдэд чин сэтгэлээсээ ханддаг зөв харьцаатай, төгсөх ангийн оюутан байж болно.
• Англи, Монгол хэлний ярианы болон бичигийн өндөр мэдлэгтэй
• 1-с доошгүй жил ажиллаж байсан дадлага туршлагатай
• Багаар ажиллах чадвартай, бүтээлч
Хэрвээ та дээрх шаардлагад нийцэнэ гэж үзвэл, бидэнд өөрийн тухай товч танилцуулга, өргөдөл мөн диплом болон бусад сирпитикатуудын хуулбар зэргийг доорх хаягаар явуулахаас гадна лавлаж болно.
ХҮНИЙ НӨӨЦИЙН ГАЗАР
Сөүлийн гудамж,п.о.хайрцаг192, Улаанбаатар210644, Монгол
Утас: 332333
Э-Майл: info¬_hrd@khanbank.com
VACANCY ANNOUNCEMENT
• EXECUTIVE OFFICE TRANSLATOR at the Head Office
• INFORMATION SECURITY OFFICER at the IT Operation Department
OF KHAN BANK OF MONGOLIA. We offer a competitive salary, career advancement opportunities and a chance to work in a dynamic international environment with fast growing business.
QUALIFICATIONS REQUIRED FOR TRANSLATOR:
• Bachelor’s or high degree in relevant field;
• Minimum 2 years of translation experience in English end Mongolian language;
• Ability to perform both written and oral translation in both languages with a high degree of quality & professionalism;
• Relevant experience in the field of business, finance or banking is a plus;
• Teamwork skills;
QUALIFICATIONS REQUIRED FOR ISO:
• Bachelor’s or high degree in IT or relevant field;
• Sufficient maturity and presence to discuss security matters with senior management, internal and external audit and external visitors to the Bank in a credible manner;
• Good knowledge of both written and spoken Mongolian and English;
• Minimum 1 years of experience in the relevant field;
• Teamwork skills;
If you possess the above skills, please send your application letter along with your Curriculum Vitae, copies of diploma and other certificates, and contact information for two references to the address below by
September 17, 2010
HUMAN RESOURCES DEPARTMENT
Seoul street -25, P.O.Box 192, Ulaanbaatar 210644, MONGOLIA
Tel: 332333
E-mail: info¬_hrd@khanbank.com
ХААН БАНК
АЖИЛТАН ШАЛГАРУУЛЖ АВНА
• ТЭРГҮҮЛЭХ АЛБАН ГАЗАРТАА ОРЧУУЛАГЧ ЭРХЛЭГЧ
• МЭДЭЭЛЛИЙН ТЕХНОЛОГИЙН МЭРГЭЖИЛТЭЙ АЖИЛЧИН
Монгол улсын хаан банк: бид олон улсын шаарлагад нийцсэн мэргэжлийн ур чадвартай, өөрийгөө хөгжүүлэх болон тушаал ахих хүсэлтэй байгаа хүмүүст нэгэн боломжийг олгож байна.
МЭРГЭЖЛИЙН ОРЧУУЛАГЧ
• Бакалавр болон түүнээс дээш зэрэгтэй
• Англи, Монгол хэлний орчуулагчаар 2-с дээш жил ажилласан дадлага туршлагатай
• Англи хэлээр мэргэжлийн өндөр түвшинд аман болон бичигийн орчуулга хийх чадвартай
• Мөн банк бизнесийн хүрээнд болон санхүүгийн үйл ажиллагаа эрхлэн ажиллах ур чадвартай
• Ажилдаа сонирхолтой, тавьсан шаардлагыг биелүүлдэг
• Багаар ажиллах чадвартай, бүтээлч
МЭДЭЭЛИЙН ТЕХНОЛОГИЧ
• Мэдээлийн технологийн чиглэлээр бакалавр болон түүнээс дээш зэрэгтэй
• Өндөр боловсролтой, банканд ирэх санхүүгийн шалгалт мөн үйлчлүүлэгчдэд чин сэтгэлээсээ ханддаг зөв харьцаатай, төгсөх ангийн оюутан байж болно.
• Англи, Монгол хэлний ярианы болон бичигийн өндөр мэдлэгтэй
• 1-с доошгүй жил ажиллаж байсан дадлага туршлагатай
• Багаар ажиллах чадвартай, бүтээлч
Хэрвээ та дээрх шаардлагад нийцэнэ гэж үзвэл, бидэнд өөрийн тухай товч танилцуулга, өргөдөл мөн диплом болон бусад сирпитикатуудын хуулбар зэргийг доорх хаягаар явуулахаас гадна лавлаж болно.
ХҮНИЙ НӨӨЦИЙН ГАЗАР
Сөүлийн гудамж,п.о.хайрцаг192, Улаанбаатар210644, Монгол
Утас: 332333
Э-Майл: info¬_hrd@khanbank.com
INTERVIEW
1. What are your long-range goals and objectives?
- My long range goal is to be high level of professional specialist by my profession. Also I will prefer responsibility and good position which can give effective result to workers
2. What are your short-range goals and objectives?
- My short range goal is to improve my education. It will be preparation my future success. I will collect experience working in company. I hope there will be chance to me actualize my knowledge acquired from university to my job.
3. In what ways do you think you can make a contribution to our organization?
- I had been working on the optical network projects and these experiences would help your organization.
I think I can make my contribution improving my high level of education and my profession. Therefore, I will study by more degree of my profession besides of my job. I prefer my private and team contribution to organization. Contribution will be new idea to the electrical field.
4. What have you learned from participation in extra-curricular activities?
- I like participation in activities which outside from class. This has been become more and more abilities for me. And I skilled in teamwork and able to rise easily.
5. How do you determine or evaluate success?
- I like fair everything. So I want to determine for justices. Head person must say openly to all success. I usually define my success for estimation of other people.
6. How do you plan to achieve your career goals?
- I will continue my professional development by participating in conference, attending seminars and continuing my education.
7. What makes a job enjoyable for you?
-My work is a very interesting and when I was student I don’t know it. After I study this school I understand it
8. Why did you decide to seek a position with this communication organization?
-Even if I am 22, and have smaller experience than others, I consider I can work in this company successfully caused I possible to input or treat to my job via new method, initiative which minded from old idea.
9. What two or three things would be most important to you in your job?
- For, that is interesting things to my job. Because I have my own searching behavior. Therefore, I think searching work will be very enjoyable for me. Innovator and industrious team and promoter good leader will be most important to me in my job.
10. What do you know about the job?
- My career is telecommunication engineer. Almost we fix the broken cable. But women often do operator. In my opinion I want be header engineer. So I need I can any thing.
11. How important is communication and interaction with others on your job?
- it is most important issue. I demand to interactive with all user. Because I should know for request of subscribers.
12. Do you prefer to work by yourself or with others?
- I prefer to work with others. Because I think that good employee must can work by oneself in indispensable time. Also I have good skills and experience to work with team.
- My long range goal is to be high level of professional specialist by my profession. Also I will prefer responsibility and good position which can give effective result to workers
2. What are your short-range goals and objectives?
- My short range goal is to improve my education. It will be preparation my future success. I will collect experience working in company. I hope there will be chance to me actualize my knowledge acquired from university to my job.
3. In what ways do you think you can make a contribution to our organization?
- I had been working on the optical network projects and these experiences would help your organization.
I think I can make my contribution improving my high level of education and my profession. Therefore, I will study by more degree of my profession besides of my job. I prefer my private and team contribution to organization. Contribution will be new idea to the electrical field.
4. What have you learned from participation in extra-curricular activities?
- I like participation in activities which outside from class. This has been become more and more abilities for me. And I skilled in teamwork and able to rise easily.
5. How do you determine or evaluate success?
- I like fair everything. So I want to determine for justices. Head person must say openly to all success. I usually define my success for estimation of other people.
6. How do you plan to achieve your career goals?
- I will continue my professional development by participating in conference, attending seminars and continuing my education.
7. What makes a job enjoyable for you?
-My work is a very interesting and when I was student I don’t know it. After I study this school I understand it
8. Why did you decide to seek a position with this communication organization?
-Even if I am 22, and have smaller experience than others, I consider I can work in this company successfully caused I possible to input or treat to my job via new method, initiative which minded from old idea.
9. What two or three things would be most important to you in your job?
- For, that is interesting things to my job. Because I have my own searching behavior. Therefore, I think searching work will be very enjoyable for me. Innovator and industrious team and promoter good leader will be most important to me in my job.
10. What do you know about the job?
- My career is telecommunication engineer. Almost we fix the broken cable. But women often do operator. In my opinion I want be header engineer. So I need I can any thing.
11. How important is communication and interaction with others on your job?
- it is most important issue. I demand to interactive with all user. Because I should know for request of subscribers.
12. Do you prefer to work by yourself or with others?
- I prefer to work with others. Because I think that good employee must can work by oneself in indispensable time. Also I have good skills and experience to work with team.
Wednesday, December 8, 2010
OSI Reference Model
OSI Reference Model
Although the OSI model is a structure for developing standards, it is not in
itself a complete networking protocol. Its purpose is to establish a framework that
developers can use to devise protocols that can be used independent of manufacturers’
proprietary protocols. Most applications today communicate with TCP/IP,
which has become a de facto international standard. Although TCP/IP does not conform
exactly to the OSI model in the upper layers, its modular design and multitude
of coordinating protocols adhere to the same principles as OSI. Virtually all IP networks
run on top of Ethernet, which implements OSI’s physical and datalink layers.
Layer 1—Physical
Layer 1 transfers bits across a circuit, which can be any transmission medium
including wire, fiber optics, coaxial cable, or wireless. The physical layer contains
the rules for the transmission of bits between endpoints and standardizes pin
connections, modulation methods, and multiplexing over the physical medium.
Two devices can communicate using only the physical layer. For example, the
serial ports of two computers can be connected through an adapter known as a
null modem, which connects the transmitting data and signaling leads of each
computer to the receiving leads of the other. SONET/SDH, which we discussed in
the previous chapter, is a family of coordinating layer 1 protocols.
Layer 2—Datalink
Datalink protocols provide link integrity to transmit frames of data between
endpoints. The protocol accepts bits from the physical layer, assembles them
CHAPTER 6 Data Communications Protocols 95
TA B L E 6-1
Representative ISO, ITU-T, and IETF Protocol Standards at Their Corresponding
OSI Layers
Layer Common Standards
1 Physical EIA-232, EIA-422, V.35
2 Datalink High-Level Data-Link Control (HDLC), Balanced Link Access
Procedure (LAPB), Designated Link Access Procedure (LAPD)
3 Network X.25 Packet Level Protocol, Internet Protocol (IP), ISO 8473
Connectionless Network Protocol (CLNP)
4 Transport Transport Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP),
ISO 8473 Connectionless Transport Service
5 Session ISO 8306 and 8037, ITU-T X.215 and X.225
6 Presentation ISO 8822 and 8823, ITU-T X.216 and X.226
7 Application Virtual Terminal Protocol, X.400 Message-Handling Service (MHS),
X.500 Directory Service, X.700 Common Management
Information Protocol (CMIP), File Transfer, Access, and
Management (FTAM)
into a frame, and calculates CRC. If a network protocol is used, the link protocol
passes the data block with control and CRC blocks attached. As Figure 4-5
shows, flags of a specific bit pattern mark the beginning and ending of the frame.
A header contains address and control information, followed by an information
field and a trailer containing CRC bits for error correction. The datalink protocol
at the receiving end calculates the CRC of the received frame. It acknowledges
correctly received frames and requests retransmission if necessary.
The principal international standard, HDLC, has numerous subsets, of
which Balanced Link Access Procedure (LAPB) and Designated Link Access
Procedure (LAPD) are common. The former is used in packet switched data
networks, and the latter is the access protocol for ISDN. Frame relay is a layer 2
protocol that transmits HDLC frames across a network path that is defined in
software.
Layer 3—Network
The network layer routes packets between endpoints on a network. A packet is a
frame with a header that contains addressing and other information. For example,
the IP header, shown in Figure 6-2, contains a time-to-live (TTL) field. If a packet
is not delivered before the time expires, it is killed. The type of service (TOS) field
informs downstream applications of what type of information the packet contains.
The network layer can be either connectionless or connection oriented.
A connectionless protocol such as IP relies on a higher level protocol to assure
data delivery and integrity. A connection-oriented protocol such as X.25 sets up a
connection across the network before packet exchange can begin.
Layer 4—Transport
The transport layer assures integrity between endpoints. Transport protocols
establish and terminate connections, segment data into manageable PDUs, and
reassemble them at the receiving end. Layer 4 is responsible for flow control,
sequencing, and end-to-end error correction. TCP, which is discussed later in this
chapter, is the most widely used transport layer protocol, although it is not an OSI
protocol. UDP is a connectionless transport protocol that is used by VoIP, Simple
Network Management Protocol (SNMP), and other applications that do not
require data integrity.
Layer 5—Session
Session service is an optional function that may be embedded in the application
as opposed to employing a separate protocol. The session layer establishes and
terminates connections between users of session services and synchronizes data
transfer between them. It negotiates the use of session layer tokens, which it
requires users to have before they can communicate. It provides synchronization
points in the data being transferred so that if the session is interrupted, the
applications may be able to recover without retransmitting everything.
Layer 6—Presentation
This layer provides the syntax for the session. For example, it might translate
between ASCII and EBDIC if the two systems use a different format. If data
compression and encryption are used, they communicate through this layer.
Layer 7—Application
The application layer is the interface between the network and the application
running on the computer. Examples of application layer functions now in use are
ITU-T’s X.400 Electronic Mail Protocol and its companion X.500 Directory Services
Protocol. Message Handling System (MHS) is an important protocol for enabling
X.400 e-mail systems to communicate. ISO’s File Transfer, Access, and Management
(FTAM) is a protocol for managing and manipulating files across a network.
Other protocols include Virtual Terminal (VT), which provides a standard terminal
interface, and Electronic Document Interchange (EDI), which uses the MHS
platform for transferring electronic documents across networks.
Most vendors at one time or another agreed to support OSI, which is ITU-T
recommendation X.200, in a quest for international standardization. It forms the
basis for Ethernet, which is discussed in the next section, but with variations. At
the higher layers, protocols such as X.400 and X.500 are applied today, but many
of the layer 3 to 6 protocols are displaced by TCP/IP, which is more agile and
better suited to intermachine communications.
Although the OSI model is a structure for developing standards, it is not in
itself a complete networking protocol. Its purpose is to establish a framework that
developers can use to devise protocols that can be used independent of manufacturers’
proprietary protocols. Most applications today communicate with TCP/IP,
which has become a de facto international standard. Although TCP/IP does not conform
exactly to the OSI model in the upper layers, its modular design and multitude
of coordinating protocols adhere to the same principles as OSI. Virtually all IP networks
run on top of Ethernet, which implements OSI’s physical and datalink layers.
Layer 1—Physical
Layer 1 transfers bits across a circuit, which can be any transmission medium
including wire, fiber optics, coaxial cable, or wireless. The physical layer contains
the rules for the transmission of bits between endpoints and standardizes pin
connections, modulation methods, and multiplexing over the physical medium.
Two devices can communicate using only the physical layer. For example, the
serial ports of two computers can be connected through an adapter known as a
null modem, which connects the transmitting data and signaling leads of each
computer to the receiving leads of the other. SONET/SDH, which we discussed in
the previous chapter, is a family of coordinating layer 1 protocols.
Layer 2—Datalink
Datalink protocols provide link integrity to transmit frames of data between
endpoints. The protocol accepts bits from the physical layer, assembles them
CHAPTER 6 Data Communications Protocols 95
TA B L E 6-1
Representative ISO, ITU-T, and IETF Protocol Standards at Their Corresponding
OSI Layers
Layer Common Standards
1 Physical EIA-232, EIA-422, V.35
2 Datalink High-Level Data-Link Control (HDLC), Balanced Link Access
Procedure (LAPB), Designated Link Access Procedure (LAPD)
3 Network X.25 Packet Level Protocol, Internet Protocol (IP), ISO 8473
Connectionless Network Protocol (CLNP)
4 Transport Transport Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP),
ISO 8473 Connectionless Transport Service
5 Session ISO 8306 and 8037, ITU-T X.215 and X.225
6 Presentation ISO 8822 and 8823, ITU-T X.216 and X.226
7 Application Virtual Terminal Protocol, X.400 Message-Handling Service (MHS),
X.500 Directory Service, X.700 Common Management
Information Protocol (CMIP), File Transfer, Access, and
Management (FTAM)
into a frame, and calculates CRC. If a network protocol is used, the link protocol
passes the data block with control and CRC blocks attached. As Figure 4-5
shows, flags of a specific bit pattern mark the beginning and ending of the frame.
A header contains address and control information, followed by an information
field and a trailer containing CRC bits for error correction. The datalink protocol
at the receiving end calculates the CRC of the received frame. It acknowledges
correctly received frames and requests retransmission if necessary.
The principal international standard, HDLC, has numerous subsets, of
which Balanced Link Access Procedure (LAPB) and Designated Link Access
Procedure (LAPD) are common. The former is used in packet switched data
networks, and the latter is the access protocol for ISDN. Frame relay is a layer 2
protocol that transmits HDLC frames across a network path that is defined in
software.
Layer 3—Network
The network layer routes packets between endpoints on a network. A packet is a
frame with a header that contains addressing and other information. For example,
the IP header, shown in Figure 6-2, contains a time-to-live (TTL) field. If a packet
is not delivered before the time expires, it is killed. The type of service (TOS) field
informs downstream applications of what type of information the packet contains.
The network layer can be either connectionless or connection oriented.
A connectionless protocol such as IP relies on a higher level protocol to assure
data delivery and integrity. A connection-oriented protocol such as X.25 sets up a
connection across the network before packet exchange can begin.
Layer 4—Transport
The transport layer assures integrity between endpoints. Transport protocols
establish and terminate connections, segment data into manageable PDUs, and
reassemble them at the receiving end. Layer 4 is responsible for flow control,
sequencing, and end-to-end error correction. TCP, which is discussed later in this
chapter, is the most widely used transport layer protocol, although it is not an OSI
protocol. UDP is a connectionless transport protocol that is used by VoIP, Simple
Network Management Protocol (SNMP), and other applications that do not
require data integrity.
Layer 5—Session
Session service is an optional function that may be embedded in the application
as opposed to employing a separate protocol. The session layer establishes and
terminates connections between users of session services and synchronizes data
transfer between them. It negotiates the use of session layer tokens, which it
requires users to have before they can communicate. It provides synchronization
points in the data being transferred so that if the session is interrupted, the
applications may be able to recover without retransmitting everything.
Layer 6—Presentation
This layer provides the syntax for the session. For example, it might translate
between ASCII and EBDIC if the two systems use a different format. If data
compression and encryption are used, they communicate through this layer.
Layer 7—Application
The application layer is the interface between the network and the application
running on the computer. Examples of application layer functions now in use are
ITU-T’s X.400 Electronic Mail Protocol and its companion X.500 Directory Services
Protocol. Message Handling System (MHS) is an important protocol for enabling
X.400 e-mail systems to communicate. ISO’s File Transfer, Access, and Management
(FTAM) is a protocol for managing and manipulating files across a network.
Other protocols include Virtual Terminal (VT), which provides a standard terminal
interface, and Electronic Document Interchange (EDI), which uses the MHS
platform for transferring electronic documents across networks.
Most vendors at one time or another agreed to support OSI, which is ITU-T
recommendation X.200, in a quest for international standardization. It forms the
basis for Ethernet, which is discussed in the next section, but with variations. At
the higher layers, protocols such as X.400 and X.500 are applied today, but many
of the layer 3 to 6 protocols are displaced by TCP/IP, which is more agile and
better suited to intermachine communications.
Reading strategies
1. First, I see the text
2. I see the title
3. Skimming the text
4. I see the how mach paragraphs
5. I read this paragraphs
6. I strive to know the cause
7. I more than more the text
8. I translate new words
9. I write the new words
10. I read the text again
11. I strive to know the key note
12. I read the text again
13. I strive to know the paragraphs key note
14. I read the text
15. I understand this text
Translation methods
1. at first ,I read a title
2. next, I translate the title
3. I read a text
4. I find the new words
5. I write the new words
6. I translate the new words
7. I translate out and out of the clause
8. I draft out and out of the clause
9. Next, I read a text once
10. I translate the paragraph
11. I write the paragraph
12. I translate the text
13. I draft the text
14. I read a text again
15. I write the text of the translation
1. First, I see the text
2. I see the title
3. Skimming the text
4. I see the how mach paragraphs
5. I read this paragraphs
6. I strive to know the cause
7. I more than more the text
8. I translate new words
9. I write the new words
10. I read the text again
11. I strive to know the key note
12. I read the text again
13. I strive to know the paragraphs key note
14. I read the text
15. I understand this text
Translation methods
1. at first ,I read a title
2. next, I translate the title
3. I read a text
4. I find the new words
5. I write the new words
6. I translate the new words
7. I translate out and out of the clause
8. I draft out and out of the clause
9. Next, I read a text once
10. I translate the paragraph
11. I write the paragraph
12. I translate the text
13. I draft the text
14. I read a text again
15. I write the text of the translation
CV
Dear _________
In replay to your job vacancy announcement in Mongol messenger an Ulaanbaatar post , I would like apply for the position of secretary at the telecommunication engineer of department.
A year ago, I graduated from the Institute of Information and Communication Technological University.
I can write and speak in English. I know how to connect and set up optic cable, data link and ability to work well computer’s programs.
Your faithfully Battsetseg
Name: Battsetseg Ganbold
Address: 32-168 17 khoroo Songino Khairkhan district
Tel: 99721867
Date of birth: 27 September 1991
Marital status: single (unmarried)
Photograph: enclosed
Special interest: team sport, music, singing
Education: Institute of Information and technological University
Subject studied: optic cable, data link, radio communication
Cover letter
Battsetseg, Ganbold
Ulaanbaatar Mongolia
Tel: 99721867
akchab_927@yahoo.com
23- November -2010
G Mobile central office
Sukhbaatar district
Mrs. Tsetsegjargal
G Mobile corporation
Dear G Mobile human resources
I have heard about this position from street board, newspaper and internet. I interested this job. I have studied about G Mobile already and I like it. I think it’s fortune to develop my skills.
Because I study at IICT, MUST, I have studied optic cable, telecommunication, data link and computer’s programs.
Although the enclosed resume provides a good summary of my background and experience. I would like to arrange to meet with you to discuss my qualifications for this position.
Thank you for your time attention.
Your sincerely Battsetseg
Reference letter
The institute of Information and Communication technology MUST.
Definition of ______________ Teacher on student Battsetseg
Battsetseg is student who enrolled our university in 2008 and has been majoring in telecommunication engineer at IICT.
She mastered learning method studying independently and initialing social activities since she has enrolled our university she can be one of the good students. I was teaching her class for tree years it was known that she is very helpful, friendly and very nice smiling for everything. Also she can plays basketball, volleyball, and table tennis very well.
I hope become best telecommunication engineer of Mongolia.
Sincerely
G.Bayarmaa teacher of IICT
E-mail address : G.Bayarmaa_82@yahoo.com
Abstract
Data Communications Protocols
The data industry borrowed the protocol term, an apt metaphor, from the world of diplomacy.
Layer1-Physical
Layer 1 transfers bits across a circuit, which can be any transmission medium including wire, fiber optics, coaxial cable, or wireless.
Layer2-Datalink
Datalink protocols provide link integrity to transmit frames of data between endpoints.
Layer 3—Network
The network layer routes packets between endpoints on a network. A packet is a frame with a header that contains addressing and other information.
Layer 4—Transport
The transport layer assures integrity between endpoints. Transport protocols
establish and terminate connections, segment data into manageable PDUs, and reassemble them at the receiving end.
Layer 5—Session
Session service is an optional function that may be embedded in the application as opposed to employing a separate protocol.
Layer 6—Presentation
This layer provides the syntax for the session. For example, it might translate between ASCII and EBDIC if the two systems use a different format.
Layer 7—Application
Examples of application layer functions now in use are ITU-T’s X.400 Electronic Mail Protocol and its companion X.500 Directory Services Protocol.
ETHERNET: IEEE 802.3
Standards work began with modest objectives of sharing facilities: files, expensive peripherals such as printers and plotters, and software applications. Stations can detect other transmissions in a wired network, but a finite time known as the collision window is required for a pulse to traverse the length of the medium.
TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL/INTERNET PROTOCOL (TCP/IP)
In the 1970s, the Department of Defense commissioned the development of the TCP/IP suite of protocols to provide interoperability among computers.
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
Error correction delays packet flow. To a data application, delay is either invisible or appears as a longer response time, which may be annoying but does not affect integrity.
Internet Protocol (IP)
Routers at IP nodes usually have multiple paths for delivering packets. An IP datagram contains a header that is 20 octets or more in length plus a data field that can be up to 65,535 octets long.
Dear _________
In replay to your job vacancy announcement in Mongol messenger an Ulaanbaatar post , I would like apply for the position of secretary at the telecommunication engineer of department.
A year ago, I graduated from the Institute of Information and Communication Technological University.
I can write and speak in English. I know how to connect and set up optic cable, data link and ability to work well computer’s programs.
Your faithfully Battsetseg
Name: Battsetseg Ganbold
Address: 32-168 17 khoroo Songino Khairkhan district
Tel: 99721867
Date of birth: 27 September 1991
Marital status: single (unmarried)
Photograph: enclosed
Special interest: team sport, music, singing
Education: Institute of Information and technological University
Subject studied: optic cable, data link, radio communication
Cover letter
Battsetseg, Ganbold
Ulaanbaatar Mongolia
Tel: 99721867
akchab_927@yahoo.com
23- November -2010
G Mobile central office
Sukhbaatar district
Mrs. Tsetsegjargal
G Mobile corporation
Dear G Mobile human resources
I have heard about this position from street board, newspaper and internet. I interested this job. I have studied about G Mobile already and I like it. I think it’s fortune to develop my skills.
Because I study at IICT, MUST, I have studied optic cable, telecommunication, data link and computer’s programs.
Although the enclosed resume provides a good summary of my background and experience. I would like to arrange to meet with you to discuss my qualifications for this position.
Thank you for your time attention.
Your sincerely Battsetseg
Reference letter
The institute of Information and Communication technology MUST.
Definition of ______________ Teacher on student Battsetseg
Battsetseg is student who enrolled our university in 2008 and has been majoring in telecommunication engineer at IICT.
She mastered learning method studying independently and initialing social activities since she has enrolled our university she can be one of the good students. I was teaching her class for tree years it was known that she is very helpful, friendly and very nice smiling for everything. Also she can plays basketball, volleyball, and table tennis very well.
I hope become best telecommunication engineer of Mongolia.
Sincerely
G.Bayarmaa teacher of IICT
E-mail address : G.Bayarmaa_82@yahoo.com
Abstract
Data Communications Protocols
The data industry borrowed the protocol term, an apt metaphor, from the world of diplomacy.
Layer1-Physical
Layer 1 transfers bits across a circuit, which can be any transmission medium including wire, fiber optics, coaxial cable, or wireless.
Layer2-Datalink
Datalink protocols provide link integrity to transmit frames of data between endpoints.
Layer 3—Network
The network layer routes packets between endpoints on a network. A packet is a frame with a header that contains addressing and other information.
Layer 4—Transport
The transport layer assures integrity between endpoints. Transport protocols
establish and terminate connections, segment data into manageable PDUs, and reassemble them at the receiving end.
Layer 5—Session
Session service is an optional function that may be embedded in the application as opposed to employing a separate protocol.
Layer 6—Presentation
This layer provides the syntax for the session. For example, it might translate between ASCII and EBDIC if the two systems use a different format.
Layer 7—Application
Examples of application layer functions now in use are ITU-T’s X.400 Electronic Mail Protocol and its companion X.500 Directory Services Protocol.
ETHERNET: IEEE 802.3
Standards work began with modest objectives of sharing facilities: files, expensive peripherals such as printers and plotters, and software applications. Stations can detect other transmissions in a wired network, but a finite time known as the collision window is required for a pulse to traverse the length of the medium.
TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL/INTERNET PROTOCOL (TCP/IP)
In the 1970s, the Department of Defense commissioned the development of the TCP/IP suite of protocols to provide interoperability among computers.
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
Error correction delays packet flow. To a data application, delay is either invisible or appears as a longer response time, which may be annoying but does not affect integrity.
Internet Protocol (IP)
Routers at IP nodes usually have multiple paths for delivering packets. An IP datagram contains a header that is 20 octets or more in length plus a data field that can be up to 65,535 octets long.
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